Chinese Idiom: 妇人之仁 (Fu Ren Zhi Ren)
English Translation: The compassion of a woman
pīn yīn: fù rén zhī rén
Idiom Meaning: This idiom refers to an overly soft-hearted and indulgent attitude, particularly in dealing with matters that require strength and decisiveness. It is often used to criticize someone for being too lenient or lacking the resolve to make tough decisions.
Historical Source: “史记” (Records of the Grand Historian), specifically in the biography of Han Xin.
Idiom Story:
In 206 BC, after Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, appointed Han Xin as his general, Han Xin took the opportunity to discuss the character of Xiang Yu, a rival warlord. He remarked on Xiang Yu’s dual nature:
- Fearsome Yet Inept: While Xiang Yu could intimidate thousands with his anger, showing great physical courage, he lacked the ability to effectively utilize capable generals, demonstrating that his bravery was merely that of a common warrior.
- Compassionate Yet Stingy: Han Xin noted that although Xiang Yu appeared respectful and kind-hearted, often expressing sympathy for the sick and sharing his food, he was unwilling to reward those who had earned it. Even when he had the seals prepared for those who deserved honors, he hesitated to bestow them, which Han Xin criticized as “妇人之仁” (the compassion of a woman).
This phrase reflects Han Xin’s assertion that such indulgent behavior—displaying compassion without the strength to act appropriately—was a flaw in leadership.
The idiom “妇人之仁” serves as a reminder that compassion can be a double-edged sword; while kindness and empathy are virtues, they must be balanced with firmness and decisiveness, especially in leadership and governance. The phrase cautions against the dangers of being overly lenient or hesitant in critical situations, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to compassion and authority.
