Chinese Idiom: 穷当益坚 (Tian Zhen Lan Man)
English Translation: The older one becomes, the more resolute one should be
pīn yīn: qióng dāng yì jiān
Idiom Meaning: Originally, this idiom suggests that as one ages, their ambitions should grow stronger; it is now commonly used to describe individuals who remain energetic and determined even in old age.
Historical Source: Book of the Later Han (《后汉书·马援传》).
Idiom Story:
Ma Yuan, also known by his courtesy name Wenyuan, was from Fufeng Maoling (modern-day northeastern Xingping, Shaanxi) during the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Orphaned at the age of twelve, he was raised by his elder brother, Ma Kuang, who recognized Ma Yuan’s ambition and advised him that great talent often emerges late and that he should not be impatient.
After the death of his brother, Ma Yuan treated his sister-in-law as his own mother. During Wang Mang’s rule, he served as a minor military officer. On one occasion, while escorting prisoners, he saw them crying and suffering. Moved by their plight, he released them and fled to the northern borders to avoid punishment. Later, following a general amnesty, he found himself in a position to cultivate agriculture and raise livestock, attracting hundreds of followers in a few years.
Ma Yuan often expressed, “A true man should have ambition; when impoverished, one’s resolve should become even stronger; as one ages, one’s spirit should remain vigorous.” This philosophy reflects his belief that regardless of circumstances, maintaining a strong will and ambition is essential.
Years later, Ma Yuan amassed thousands of cattle and sheep, along with a substantial food reserve, yet he lived a simple life. He lamented, “The value of wealth lies in its ability to help others; otherwise, what is the point of hoarding it?” He generously distributed his wealth among family and friends and set out to serve in the military.
Eventually, Ma Yuan joined the forces of Emperor Guangwu of Han, Liu Xiu. He played a crucial role in quelling the regional warlord Wei Xiao and defending against foreign invasions, establishing a notable legacy.
From this story, “穷当益坚” evolved into a popular idiom, symbolizing unwavering determination in the face of adversity.
