Chinese Idiom: 罚不当罪 (Fa Bu Dang Zui)
English Translation: Punishment Does Not Fit the Crime
pīn yīn: fá bù dāng zuì
Idiom Meaning: This idiom refers to a situation where the punishment is either too harsh or too lenient, not corresponding to the severity of the crime. It can also be expressed as “罪不当罚.”
Historical Source: Xunzi: Zheng Lun (《荀子 · 正论》)
Idiom Story:
Xunzi, a prominent philosopher of the Warring States period, made significant contributions to Chinese thought, particularly in his work Xunzi. One of his influential essays, “Zheng Lun” (正论), discusses the importance of proper governance and justice.
In this essay, Xunzi emphasized that a ruler should be a role model for the people, as citizens tend to emulate their leaders. He argued that laws and punishments must be clearly defined and fairly enforced. According to Xunzi, those who commit crimes should be punished in accordance with the severity of their actions; otherwise, the lack of appropriate consequences could lead to social chaos. He illustrated this point by stating that if murderers faced no repercussions and those who inflicted injury were not penalized, it would encourage further criminal behavior and disrupt societal order.
Xunzi also addressed the inadequacy of ancient penalties. He mentioned that some believed ancient punishments were symbolic rather than severe—like painting a criminal’s face instead of marking it permanently, or making them wear a grass cap instead of inflicting bodily harm. He asserted that such leniency would not work in chaotic times and would allow criminals to evade proper punishment.
He concluded that societal stability requires a balance between status and virtue, position and ability, and rewards and achievements. If there is a mismatch between these elements—such as improper punishments for crimes—it can lead to significant misfortune and serious consequences for society. Thus, the idea that “punishment does not fit the crime” arose from Xunzi’s insights on the necessity of equitable and just governance.
